Dynamic changes and convergence of China's regional green productivity: A dynamic spatial econometric analysis

Low-carbon economic development is at the heart of post-pandemic green recovery scheme worldwide. It requires without compromising on environment, implying a critical role that productivity plays in achieving carbon neutrality goal. Green measures quality growth with consideration for energy consumption and environmental pollution. This study employs slacks-based measure directional distance function (SBM-DDF) approach Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) index to calculate its components 30 provinces China between 2001 2018. Using spatial panel data model, we empirically analyzed conditional β-convergence China's productivity. We found overall, since 2001, has demonstrated continuous upward trend. When taking into account factors, demonstrates significant β-convergence. In terms regional effects, results indicate eastern western regions club convergence, more balanced development. Moreover, convergence rate increases addition regulation variable, so corresponding time decreases. indicates regulations help facilitate productivity, narrowing gap The findings provide guideline low-carbon from perspective.